From Newsdesk, ‘Planting 1 million mangroves in Tonga’, Talanoa in Tonga, 9 August 2023, https://talanoaotonga.to/planting-1-million-mangroves-in-tonga/
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‘I he ngaahi ta‘u kuo maliu atú, na‘a ku ngāue mo e ngaahi komiunitī ‘i he tapa kotoa ‘o Tongá ki hono fakasi‘isi‘i e uesia fakatamaki fakaenatulá mo e ngaahi palopalema ‘i he feliuliuaki ‘a e ‘eá. Ko hono lelei ‘o e ngāue mo e kakaí ko ‘ete sio tonu ki he ngaahi palopalema ‘oku nau fehangahangai mo ia ‘i honau ngaahi tūkungá, mo fanongo tonu ki he‘enau ngaahi talanoá, pea toe sio tonu ki he me‘a ‘oku hoko ki he ngāue ‘a e ngaahi siasí ‘i funga ‘o e fonuá. ‘I he ta‘u ‘e valu kuohilí, ne u ma‘u ‘i he‘eku fekumí ko e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ko e palopalema ‘oku kei fo‘ou pē ‘i he lēvolo ‘o e siasi fakakoló; ko e tokolahi taha ‘o e kakaí ‘oku ‘ikai ke nau ‘ilo‘i pe ko e hā ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá, pea ‘oku kei pehē pē ‘e he kakaí ko e fa‘ahinga palopalema eni ki he kakai mā‘olungá pē. Kuo lahi ‘a e talanoa ‘a e kau taki ‘o e siasí ‘i he lēvolo faitu‘utu‘uní, ka ‘oku te‘eki lahi ha ngaahi ngāue kuo fakahoko ‘i he ngaahi feitu‘u ‘oku fiema‘u lahi taha ai hono matatali ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá.
Kuo ngāue‘aki ‘a Tonga ko e sīpinga ako ki he konga tohi faka‘osi ko ‘ení, koe‘uhi ‘oku ‘ikai ngata pē ko e mēmipa ia ‘o e Konifelenisi ‘o e ngaahi Siasi Pasifikí, ka ‘oku malava foki ke tau ngāue‘aki ‘a Tonga ko e tūkunga fakalotofonua ia ke vakai‘i pe ‘oku lele lelei ai ‘a e ngāue kuo fakahoko ‘e he PCC ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. ‘Oku mahu‘inga ke tau talanoa fekau‘aki mo Tonga, koe‘uhī fakatatau ki he Lipooti Tu‘ulaveatamaki ‘a Māmaní, ko Tonga ‘oku fika ua ‘i māmani ‘i he fonua tu‘ulaveangofua taha ‘i he tu‘a ‘o Vanuatú; ko e taha ia ‘o e faingamālie lahi taha ke uesia ngofua ‘e he fakatamaki ‘fakaenatulá mo e ngaahi uesia ‘o e feliuliuaki ‘a e ‘eá.[1] Hili e ta‘u ‘e nimangofulu ‘o e fengāue‘aki, ngaahi fono, mo e ngaahi talafakahāhā, ‘oku te‘eki ke ngāue lelei ‘a e ngaahi ngāue kamata‘i ‘e he PCC ki he feliuliuaki e ‘eá, ke hoko ha liliu ‘i he lēvolo fakalotofonuá. ‘I he konga tohi ko ‘ení, te u talanoa ai ki he ngaahi ngaue ‘a e ngaahi siasi Tonga ‘i he kuohilí mo e lolotongá ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. ‘Oku ou kamata’aki e sio ki he tūkunga fakafonua ‘o Tongá mo e ngaahi lavame‘a mahu‘inga kuo a‘usia ‘e Tonga ‘i hono tali ‘a e feliuliuaki e ‘eá. ‘Oku fiema‘u ke mahino‘i ‘a e me‘a ‘oku hoko ‘i he lēvolo fakafonuá mo ‘ene fehokotaki ki he sekitoa ‘o e siasí. Hokó, te u to‘o konga lalahi ‘a e hisitōlia ‘o e Kosilio ‘o e ngaahi Siasí ‘i Tonga mo e Folomu Fakafonua ‘o e kau Taki Lotu ‘o Tongá, mo ‘enau fe’ao mo e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. Ko e taumu‘a ‘o e konga tohí ni ke hulu‘imahinomai ko e hā ‘a e me‘a kuo lavá, ko e hā ‘a e ngaahi to nounou ke fai ki ai ha ngāué, pea ko e hā ‘a e ngaahi me‘a ‘oku fiema‘u ke fakalelei‘í. ‘Oku ou aofangatuku‘aki hono faka‘ilonga‘i ko e hā leva e ‘uhinga ‘o e me‘a ko iá ki he Siasi ‘Ingilani ‘i he Pasifikí, mo ‘ene mōtolo Tolu‘i ‘Ulungaanga Fakafonuá, mo ha ngaahi fokotu‘u ke hoko ko e halafonongá ke toe lelei ange ‘a hono tokangaekina e fakatupu ‘a e ‘Otuá.
‘I he lēvolo fakafonuá, kuo a‘usia ‘e Tonga ha ngaahi makamaile mahu‘inga ‘i hono matatali ‘o e ngaahi palopalema ‘o e feliuliuaki ‘a e ‘eá talu ‘ene kau atu ki he Fa‘unga Konivēsio ‘a e Pule‘anga Fakatahatahá ‘i he Feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘Eá (UNFCCC) ‘i Siulai 1998. ‘I he tataki mo e haofia ‘a e pule‘angá, kuo lava lelei ai ‘e Tonga ‘o fakataha‘i ‘a e Feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘Eá mo e Fa‘unga Palani Fakalakalaka ‘a Tonga (TSDF) 2011–2014 mo e 2015–2025. ‘Ikai ke ngata aí, kuo tuku atu ‘e Tonga ‘ene Fetu‘utaki Fakafonua ‘Uluakí ‘i he malumalu ‘o e UNFCCC ‘i he 2005, ‘ene Fetu‘utaki Fakafonua Uá ‘i he 2012, mo ‘ene Fetu‘utaki Fakafonua Tolú ‘i he 2019.[2] ‘Oku toe ‘i ai mo e ngaahi makamaile ‘o kau ki ai ‘a e liliu ‘o e Toha ki he Kioto Polotokolō ‘i he 2018, hono fa‘u ‘fa‘u ‘o e Palani Ngāue Fakafonua Fakatahataha ‘i he Liliungofua ki he ‘Eá mo hono Tokangaekina e Faingamālie ki he Fakatamaki ‘Uluaki (JNAP) 2010–2015 pea hoko mai ki he Palani Ngāue hono Ua Fakafonua Fakatahataha ‘i he Feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘Eá mo hono Tokangaekina e Faingamālie ki he Fakatamaki 2018–2028. Faka‘osí, kuo fakahoko ‘e Tonga ‘a e ngaahi polokalama mo e polōseki ke fakasi‘isi‘i mo e lilliungofua ‘i he feliuliuaki e ‘eá ki he kotoa ‘o e fonuá.[3]
Ko e mahu‘inga ‘o e ngaahi Polōseki Fetu‘utaki Fakafonuá he ‘oku ‘ikai ngata pē ‘enau tuku atu e ngaahi fakamatala fakamuimui ki he ngaahi ngāue fakafonua fekau‘aki mo e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ki he UNFCCC, ka ‘oku nau toe fakaivia ‘a e ngaahi ngāue kuo alea‘i ‘i he ngaahi Polōseki Fetu‘utaki Fakafonua ‘o e kuohilí. Ko e Fetu‘utaki Fakafonua Tolú na‘e langa ia ‘i he fika uá, pea ko e fika ua ‘i he fika ‘uluakí, ‘i hono toe fakalea ‘e tahá. Na‘e lipooti ‘i he Fetu‘utaki Fakafonua hono Tolú ko Tonga kuo “fakaivia ‘a e ngaahi ivi malava fakafonuá, kautaha mo fetokoni‘aki mo e ngaahi kupu fekau‘akí, hikihake e ‘ilo fakalukufuá, fakatupulekina ‘a e kau kotoa e ngaahi kupu tautonú mo fakalahi e lāu‘ilo ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá mo hono ngaahi nunu‘á.”[4] Fakatātā‘aki ‘eni, na‘e ola lelei ‘a e kau ‘a Tonga ki hono fakakakato ‘o e toko 55 mei he ngaahi fonua ‘e 60 na‘e fuofua hū ‘o fakamo‘oni, tali, fakangofua pe fakaai ‘a e Aleapau Palesí mo e Tipositelī ‘a e Pule‘anga Fakatahatahá (UN)[5] Fakatatau ki he Sekelitali Seniale ‘a e UN, Ban Ki-Moon, ko e lavame‘a mātu‘aki fungani ‘eni. Hangē ko ‘ene lau, “Ko e taimi malava vave ko ení ‘oku tō atu, he ko e taimi ‘e ni‘ihi ‘oku tuku e ngaahi ta‘u pe laui ta‘u ki ha tālite ke toki hū ‘o ngāue‘aki…Ko e fakamo‘oni ‘eni ki he tāsi’i e taimi ‘o e faingata‘a ‘oku tau fehangahangai kotoa mo iá.”[6] Kuo ‘osi kamata foki ‘e Tonga ‘a e Pa‘anga Talāsiti ‘a Tonga ki he Feliuliuaki e ‘Eá, hili ia ha ngaahi ta‘u lahi ‘a e ngāue ki aí. Ko e pa‘anga ko ‘ení na‘e fokotu‘u ia ke tokoni taau taha pe ki he ngaahi komiunitī fakalotofonuá ke fakasi‘isi‘i ‘a e ngaahi uesia ‘o e feliuliuaki e ‘eá. Fekau‘aki mo hono langahake ‘o e ivi malavá, kuo lava ‘e Tonga ke fakatupulekina ‘ene kau ki he ngaahi teuteu ‘o ku ki he ngaahi ako fakangāue mo e fakatahangāue fekau‘aki mo hono Langa ‘o e Fale Tauhi Ngoue Matauhi Fakafonua Sisitemi Tokangaekina e Lekooti Kasa. Kuo ‘osi fakahoko foki ‘e Tonga ‘a hono ngāue‘aki ‘o e 2006 IPCC Takiekina ‘o e Fale Tauhi Ngoue Lekooti Kasa. Ko e me‘a mahu‘inga mo‘oni ‘eni ki he lekooti ‘o e kasa ‘oku tuku ange ‘i Tongá.
Kuo hanga ‘e ngaahi Polōseki Fetu‘utaki Fakafonuá ‘o tuku mai ha fakaikiiki mo e fakamatala ki he Lipooti Fakafonua Fakapapau‘i Tukuatú (NDC), Tu‘utu‘uni Ngāue Feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘Ea 2016, JNAP 2, Polokalama Fakafonua GCF Tonga mo e ngaahi ngāue mo e fokotu’u ngāue kehe. Ko e mahu‘inga ‘o e ngaahi tohi fakamo‘oni ko ‘ení ‘oku ‘ikai toe fiema‘u ke toutou fakamamafa‘i, koe‘uhi ‘oku nau ‘omai ‘a e fakamatala fakamuimuitahá, falala‘anga mo fe‘ungatonu mo e ngaahi tu‘unga ‘oku ‘i ai e ‘eá ‘i Tonga mo ngaahi tu‘utu‘uni ngāue, ngaahi me‘a ‘oku fakahokó mo e ngaahi polokalama lolotonga e ngāue ‘a Tonga ke malohi. Fakatātā‘aki ‘eni, ‘oku nau fakahā pe ‘oku angafēfē ‘a e lahi ‘o e kāponi ‘oku tukuange ‘i he ta‘u kotoa pea ko e hā e lahi kuo lava ‘o fakasi‘isi‘í. ‘I he malumalu ‘o e fakakalakalasi ‘a e UNFCCC, ko Tonga ko e fonua mēmipa non-Annex I, ‘a ia ‘oku ‘uhinga ko Tongá ‘oku ‘ikai fakafatongia‘i ke muimui ‘i ha fa‘ahinga holoki pau ‘o e kasa fale tauhi ngoue ‘oku tu‘utu‘unia ‘e he Kioto Polotokolō. Kaikehe, ‘oku kei hokohoko atu pē ‘a Tonga ‘i he ngāue ke holoki ‘ene kasa fale tauhi ngoue ‘oku tukuangé, ‘aki ‘ene ngāue‘aki mo tu‘uaki e ngaahi ma‘u‘angakoloa ‘oku fakafo‘ou ai ‘a e iví mo e ngaahi me‘angāue ‘oku si‘isi‘i ai hono ngāue‘aki e iví.[7] Neongo ‘oku si‘isi‘i ‘aupito ha tānaki ‘a e fonuá ki he tukuange kasa fale tauhi ngoue fakamāmanilahí, ‘oku tu‘uma‘u ‘a Tonga ‘i he’ene tukupā ki he taumu‘a fakakātoa ‘a e UNFCCC.
Ko e ngaue eni ia kuo fakahoko ‘e he pule‘anga Tongá, kae fēfē ‘a e ngaahi siasi Tongá ia? Ko e hā ‘enau ngaue kuo faakahoko ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá? Ko e ngaahi kulupu lotu Tongá ‘oku kehekehe pea ‘oku fa‘u‘aki ‘a e ngaahi va‘a lotu ‘e 13, pea toe fakava‘ava‘a kehekehe atu ‘a e ngaahi va‘alotu ‘e ni‘ihi.[8] Ko e fakatātā 1 ‘oku ne fakahā ‘a e ngaahi fika tokolahi mo e kongakonga ‘o e ngaahi siasi lalahi ‘e nima ‘o Tongá ‘i he 2020 mo e 2021.
Figure 1: Religion in Tonga
(Source: Tonga Statistics Department, ‘2021 Population and Housing Factsheet’, 3)
Kuo ma‘u ‘i he‘eku fekumi ako-toketá ko e tali ‘a e ngaahi siasí ki he feliuliuaki ‘a e ‘ea ‘i Tongá ‘oku fusimo‘omo. ‘I he ta‘u ‘e tolungofulu he kuohilí, ko e kotoa ‘o e ngaahi siasi ‘i Tongá na’e si‘i ‘enau ngāue fakahoko ki hono tali ‘o e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá, ‘o tatau pē ‘i he levolo fakasiasi mo e faka‘ekuimenikale. ‘Oku ua ‘a e sino tefito faka‘ekumenikale ‘i Tonga: ko e Kosilio ‘o e ngaahi Siasi Tongá (TNCC) mo e Folomu ‘o e kau Taki Lotu Fakafonua Tongá (TNFCL).[9] Ko e TNCC ‘oku kau ki ai ‘a e ngaahi siasi tefito: Siasi Katolika Lomá, Siasi ‘Ingilaní, Siasi Uesiliana Tau‘ātāina ‘o Tongá mo e Siasi ‘o Tongá. Ko e TNFCL ‘oku kau kotoa ki ai e ngaahi siasí, ‘o kau ki ai e Māmonga, ‘i Tonga.[10] ‘I he ta‘u ‘e fāngofulu ‘o e ngāue ‘a e TNCC, na‘e ngāue fakataha ‘a e kau mēmipa ‘i he ngaahi ngāue fakalakalaka fakakomiunití kehekehe, ngaahi poloseki, seminā fekau‘aki mo e palopalmea fakakelekelé, tokoni Afā ‘Aisake (1982), mo e ngaahi ngāue feinga pa‘anga ke tokonia e ngaahi komiunití ‘i Tonga. Neongo e ngaahi ngāue lelei ko ‘ení, ‘oku kei si‘isi‘i pē ha ngāue kuo fakahoko ‘e TNCC ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. Hangē ko e TNCC, ko e TNFCL ‘oku si‘isi‘i ‘enau ngāue kuo fakahoko ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá talu mei hono fokotu‘u ‘i he 2012. Ko e ngāue kuo tukutokanga ki ai ‘a e TNFCL ko e ngaahi palopalema fakasōsiale-politikale ‘o hangē ko hono fakafepaki‘i ke fakamo‘oni ‘a e pule‘anga ‘i he Konivēsio ki hono Ta‘ofifaka‘aufuli ‘o e ngaahi Fotunga kotoa pē ‘o hono Fakamo‘ulaloa‘i e Kakai fefiné ‘i he 2015 mo hono teke ke tapui ‘a e ava e ngaahi falemā ‘i he ngaahi Sāpaté.[11] ‘I ha fetu’utaki ‘īmeili mo e Sekelitali Seniale ‘o e TNFCL, Faifekau Fili Lilo ‘i he 2017, na‘a ne fakaha ai neongo ko e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ko e taha ia e ngaahi palopalema tefito ‘i he tepilé, ‘oku kei tu‘u pē ko e palopalema fakatalanoa.[12] ‘I he‘eku fekumi ‘i he vaha‘a ‘o e 2018 mo e 2024, ‘oku kei tu‘u pē ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘ea ‘i he lēvolo talanoá. Pe ko hono toe fakalea ‘e taha, ‘oku malohi ‘a e TNFCL he talanoa, kae si’i p eke fakahoko ha ngaue fekau’aki mo e palopalema ni. ‘O tatau ki he hūmai ki Tonga ‘a e palopalema ‘o e Koviti-19, na‘e kei hoko atu pē TNFCL he talanoa mo hono fakahū atu e ngaahi lipooti ki he pule’anga ‘o fakafou atu ‘i he kapineti.[13]
‘I he lēvolo fakasiasí, ko e ngaahi siasi tokosi‘i pē kuo nau fakahoko ha taukapo ki hono tali ‘o e ngaahi angatamaki ‘oku palomesi mai ‘e he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá, ka neongo ia ko honau taimí mo e ivi ngaué ‘oku kei tāutu‘u lahi pē ‘i he lēvolo ‘o e talanoa. Fakatātā‘aki eni, kuo tali lelei ‘e he Siasi Katolika Lomá ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘ea ‘o fakafou ‘i he ngāue ‘a e Kalitasi Tongá, ‘a ia ko e kupu ia ‘o e Siasi Katoliká ki he ngaue totonu, melino mo e fakalakalaka ‘i Tonga mo Niue. Ko e ngāue tefito ‘a e Kalitasí ‘i he‘ene felāve‘i mo e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ‘i Tonga ko hono fakalahi ‘a e ’ilo ‘a e kakai fekau‘aki mo e palopalema mo hono nunu‘a tamaki (e.g. tā ‘akau mo e tupu ma‘olunga ‘a e lēvolo ‘o e tahí).[14] Kuo fakatahataha‘i mai ‘e Katenali Soane Mafi ‘a e siasí (ko e fika tolu lahi taha ‘i Tonga, hangē ko ‘ene hā he Fakatātā 1) ‘i Sepitema 2020 ‘i ha Misa; na‘e kātoanga‘i ‘i he Misa ko ‘eni ‘a e kamata‘anga ‘o e uike tokangáekina ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá.[15] Makehe mei he fo‘i houalotu fakasiasi ko ‘ení, na‘e te‘eki ke toe ‘i ai ha ngāue ‘e fakahoko ‘e he Siasi Katolika ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘ea he levolo palokia.
Ko e Siasi ‘Ingilani kuo nau kamata ha ngaahi ngāue ‘i hono tali ‘o e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. ‘I ‘Aokosi 2015, na‘e kau fakataha ‘a ‘Alekipisope ‘o Ioké, Rt Hon Dr John Sentamu, mo e ‘Alekipisope ‘o Polinisiá, Rt Hon Dr Winston Halapua, mo e komiunitī ‘Ingilani ‘o Tongá, ‘i ha ouau Lotu ‘Osēni ‘Eukalīsia ‘i he motu Pangaimotú. Ko e konga mahu‘inga ‘eni ‘i he misiona ‘a e ‘Ingilaní ki hono talia ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá, koe‘uhī na‘e hoko atu mo e tō tongo hili e misá ‘i he konga ‘o e motú kuo ‘auhia e fonuá pea mate mo e ngaahi ‘ulu ‘akaú. Ko e mahu‘inga faka‘ātakai ‘o e ngaahi tongo ‘i he feitu‘ú ni ko ‘enau tokoni ke pukepuke ‘a e fonuá ke ta‘ofia mei he‘ene ‘auhiá, pea mo e maumau ‘o e peaú, ‘a ia ‘oku toe tokoni ki hono fakasi‘isi‘i ‘o e ‘auhia ‘oku fakatupunga ‘e he ngaahi peaú. Na‘e fakahoko foki mo ha fakatahangāue ‘a e talavou mo e finemui ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ‘i Nuku‘alofa ‘i he 2017 ke tokoni ki he matatali ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. Na‘e toe fakaivia ‘eni ‘i hono fakahoko ‘e he taha ‘o e ngaahi palokia ‘Ingilani ‘o e Kau Sangato ‘o Fasi-mo e-Afí, ‘a e ako ngāue ko e Sivi Fakatahataha‘i Tu‘ulavengofua Komiunitī (CIVA) ke fakanaunau‘i ‘a e to‘utupú ke nau tānaki ha fakamatala fekau‘aki mo e kakai ‘oku tu‘ulavengofua tahá mo e ngaahi feitu‘u ‘oku tu‘ulaveatamaki ‘i he ngaahi taimi ‘o e Afā. Na‘e fanau‘i ‘e he CIVA ‘a e Kemipeini Tokangaekina e Fakatupú ‘‘Ikai Pelesitiki’. Na‘e tupu eni mei hano ‘ilo ‘e he to‘utupú ‘a e lahi fau ‘o e veve pelesitiki ‘oku tukuange ki tahí, ‘o ne fakatupu ‘a e tu‘ulaveatamaki ki he mo‘ui lelei ‘o e ngaahi feitu‘u toutaí. ‘Oku fakataha e to‘utupú ‘o hiko e veve pelesitiki ‘i he fōsoa ‘i Nuku‘alofá ‘i he ‘aho Tokonaki he taimi ‘oku nau ‘atā ai.[16] ‘Oku mahu‘inga ke fakatokanga‘i heni, ko e ngāue ko ‘eni ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ‘oku fakahoko pē ia ‘e he palokia pe ‘e taha pea mo ‘enau to‘utupú pē.
Ko e Siasi Uesilianá kuo nau fakahoko foki mo ha ngāue ke fakasi‘isi‘i ‘a e feliuliuaki e ‘eá. Talu mei he 2021, kuo ngāue mai ‘a e Potungāue Vakaimatangi, Ivi, Fakamatala, Tokangaekina Fakatamaki, ‘Ātakai, Feliuliuaki e ‘Eá mo e Fetu‘utakí (MEIDECC) mo e Siasi Uesiliana Tau‘atāina ‘o Tongá mo e Kolisi Teolosia Sia‘atoutaí ‘i ha vāfengāue‘aki ‘i he Polōseki Palani Fakaivia Liliungofua ‘i Tonga (SAPT). Ko e ngāue ‘eni ki hono ‘Fakalakalaka’i ‘o e Silapa Ke Tu’u Mālohi mei he ‘Eá’ (DCRC) ma ‘a e Kolisi Teolosia Sia‘atoutaí. Ko e konga ‘uluaki ‘o e polōsekí, na‘e liliu ai e silapa ‘a e STC ke tānaki mai ki ai ‘a e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá mo e ngaahi palopalema faka‘ātakaí. Ko e konga uá na‘e tukutaha ki hono fa’u ha kalasi ‘e ma’u ai ‘a e faka’ilonga ako ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá, tokateu fakatamaki, ‘ātakai, pea mo e teolosiá. Na‘e kamata faka‘ofisiale ‘a e DCRC ‘i Siulai 2023 pea “‘e ako‘i ‘i he Kolisi Teolosia Sia‘atoutai ko e konga ‘o ‘ene silapa ako mo e ngāue fakalotú, fakataha mo e ako ngāue ki he tu’u malohi fakataha ‘i he ako‘i komiunitī ma ‘a e kau taki lotu mo e kau faifekau ‘o e lolotongá.”[17]
Ko e hā ‘a e me‘a te tau lava ‘o ako mei he ngaahi fokotu‘u ngāue ko ‘eni ‘i he fonuá? ‘Uluaki: ‘oku nau tukupā, ka ‘oku fiema‘u ke fakalahi e ‘ilo mo e ngāué. Ko e to‘utupu ‘i Nuku’alofá ‘oku nau fakahoko ‘a e ngāue lahi: ko e hā leva ‘a e me‘a ‘e fai ke fakalotolahi‘i ‘a e ngaahi to‘utupu kehé ke nau kau ‘i he ngāue ko ‘ení ‘i he ngaahi feitu‘u kehe ‘o Tongá, kae tautonu ki he ngaahi fiema‘u ‘a e kolo takitaha? Ko e hā ‘a e ngaahi fiema‘u fakalotofonuá—hangē ko hono fakafo‘ou e tongó—‘a ia ‘oku kei tu‘u ta‘etali ka ‘oku malava ke tataki ‘e he ngaahi solova‘anga fakafonuá, ‘o hangē ko e ngāuekamata tō tongo na‘e fakahoko ‘i Pangaimotú? Ko e me‘a ‘e tahá, ko e ngaahi fakamatalá ‘oku ‘ikai ke kakato ka ‘oku kei tu‘u mo ia, ‘o iku eni ke fakangatangata ‘a e ngaahi founga ‘e mahino ki he kakai fekau‘aki mo e feliuliu‘aki ‘a e ‘eá ‘i Tonga. ‘Oku hā mahino mai ‘a e fiema‘u ke toe lahiange ‘a e fakamatala vakaimatangi ke tānakí; ‘o hangē ko e fakamatala fakaikiiki ngāue fakatautefito ‘ilo ‘o hangē ko e fakamatala ki he hauhau ‘o e kelekelé, fakamatala momofí, mo e fakamatala ‘o e ‘ea ‘i ‘olungá. ‘Oku fiema‘u ke toe lahi mo e ngaahi fakamatala hono fua ‘o e ‘uha ‘i he ngaahi feitu‘u ‘o e fonuá mo lahi ange hono tānaki ‘o e ngaahi fakamatala ke vakai ‘a ‘ōseni/ngaahi vakai vai he matāfangá (e.g. hu‘a mo e mamaha ‘a e tahi, mā‘olunga ‘o e tahi, konokona mo e ‘esitī, ‘a ia ko e puli ‘o e ngaahi me‘á ni ‘oku faingata‘a leva ke fai ha sivi fakalelei faka‘auliliki ‘o e ngaahi feitu‘ú). ‘Oku ‘i ai e fiema‘u ke tānaki ha fakamatala ki he ‘ilo tu‘ufonua/tukufakaholo mo hono ngaahi ngāue‘akí. Fakatātā‘aki eni, ‘oku fiema‘u ke tānaki ha fakamatala ki he ngaahi makatu‘unga ‘o e ‘ilo tukufakaholo ‘o e ngaahi komiunitī takitaha pea tauhi ‘i ha feitu‘u ‘oku maau mo ‘atā ke ngāue‘aki. ‘E tokoni ‘eni ki he kakaí ke nau ‘ilo ki he ivi malava ‘oku nau ‘osi ma‘ú pea mo e founga ke nau ngāue‘aki ke matatali e liliungofua ki he ‘eá mo e ngaahi founga ke fakasi‘isi‘i‘akí. Fakatātā‘aki eni, ‘oku ‘i ai ‘a e ngaahi founga tukufakaholo malava solova ki he taimi afā (kimu‘a, lolotonga, mo e ‘osi ‘a e ‘iveni). ‘Oku ‘i ai mo e fiema‘u ki ha fakamatala nunu‘a, tautefito ki hono fakahoko ‘o e fakahoko ngaue ki he ‘eá ke toe lelei ange. Fakatātā‘aki eni, mape GIS, fakapolofaile ‘o e ‘eá mo e tu‘ulaveatamaki ‘o e komiunitī takitaha ‘o kau ai hono tānaki ‘o e ngaahi ‘ilo mo e anga ngaue tukufakaholó. Ko hono ma‘u ha fakamatala ‘oku lelei ange mo toe kakato ange ‘oku ‘ikai ngata pē ‘i he‘ene fakaivia e kakaí ke fakalahi ‘enau ka ke nau ‘ilo mo e ngaahi founga tukufakaholo ke matatali ‘a ia ‘oku nau ma‘u. ‘Oku mahu‘inga ‘eni mo tokoni lahi ki hono ‘ilo‘i e ngaahi feitu‘u ke langa hake ‘a e ivi malava ‘o e ngaahi komiunitī, ko e konga ‘o ‘enau tali ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá.
Ko e hā leva e ‘uhinga ‘o e kotoa e me‘á ni ki he Siasi ‘Ingilaní, pea mo ‘ene fa’unga tolu‘i ‘ulungaanga fakafonua? ‘Oku fakahā heni ‘a e mahu‘inga ke kau atu ‘a e ngaahi siasí ki he ngaahi ngāue ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá mo ngāue fakataha pea mo e pule‘angá mo e ngaahi kautaha fekumí ‘i hono ‘ilo‘i mo tali e ngaahi palopalema faka‘ātakaí. ‘Oku takimu’a ‘a e Siasi ‘Ingilaní ‘i Tonga ‘oku ne taki e lava ngāue ‘i he fonuá—ka ‘oku tau lava ke fakahoko ha ngāue lahiange heni. ‘E lava ke fokotu‘utu‘u mei he ngāuekamata si‘i ki he lahi, pea fakataha‘i mo ha ngaahi ngāuekamata. Koe‘uhi ‘e ‘ikai lava ‘o talilelei e feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ‘i he lēvolo fakataautahá ‘o e hangē ko e tūkunga ‘ulungaanga fakfonua ‘o Tongá, ‘a ē ‘oku longomo‘ui pea matauhi ‘i he nofo-‘a-kāingá, ‘oku taau ke ngāue‘aki ha ngaahi solova‘anga ‘oku taau pea mo tefito fakatokolahí. ‘Oku fiema’u lahi leva heni ‘a e ngaahi fatongia ‘o e Konifelenisi ‘o e ngaahi Siasi Pasifikí, Kosilio ‘o e ngaahi Siasi Tongá mo e Fōlomu ‘a e kau Taki lotu Tongá. Ke fakasi‘isi‘i e fakamole lahi e pa‘anga he talanoá mo e fakatahá, kae ngaue’aki ‘a e pa‘anga ko iá ke fakatupu kimu‘a mo fakahoko ha ngaahi ngāuekamata ‘oku fe‘unga mo e lēvolo siasi fakakoló. ‘E malava leva ke mataua ‘a ia ko hono uesiá mo e ola leleí. ‘E malava leva ‘a e ngaahi siasí ke nau kamata mei he ngaahi feitu‘u ‘oku tu‘ulavengofua taha ki he ‘eá pea toki hoko atu ki he ngaahi feitu‘u ‘oku fiema‘ú, ‘a ē kuo‘osi faka‘ilonga‘i ‘e he pule‘anga Tongá. Tānaki atu ki aí, ‘a e fakama‘unga ‘i he fakakoló, ‘e lava e ngaahi siasí ‘o tokoni lelei ki he tukupā ke holoki ‘a hono tukuange e kaponi ‘aki hono ngāue‘aki si‘isi‘i e fefononga‘aki saliote misiní mo si‘i ange e fefolau‘aki vakapuna ki he ngaahi fakatahá, konifelenisi, fakataha ngāue, mo e akongāue fakavahefonua/fakatu‘apule‘anga.
‘I he vakai ki he ‘ātāngofua, ma‘ama‘a, mo malava ‘o e ngaahi solova‘anga ‘oku alafalala‘anga ma‘a Tonga, ‘oku ou fokotu‘u ha ongo solova‘anga ‘e ua ke kamata‘aki: 1) Tō e tongó mo e ngaahi ‘akau kehé; pea 2) Ngāue‘aki e ‘ilo tu‘ufonua/ngaahi pōto‘ingāue, ngaahi koloa mo e ngaahi me‘atokoni ‘i he tokateu ki he ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatulá. Ko e mālohinga ‘o e ngaahi solova‘anga ko ‘ení ko e ‘uluaki: ko e kakai ‘i Tongá te nau lava ‘o felāve‘i mo kinautolu pea ‘ikai toe fiema‘u ha kau mataotao ‘e totongi mei tu‘apule’anga ke ako‘i kinautolu ki he anga hono fakahoko e ngāue. Ko e fakaangá, ‘oku ma‘u ‘e he ngaahi siasí ‘a e ngaahi ma‘u‘angakoloa ki hono fakatupu ‘o e ngaahi ngāuekamata fe‘unga ko ‘eni mo fakahoko kinautolu, kapau ‘oku fakamu‘omu‘a ‘e he ngaahi siasí ‘a hono fakasi‘isi‘i e nunu‘a ‘o e feliuliuaki e ‘eá. ‘I hono toe tō e ngaahi ‘akaú, ‘oku lava e ngaahi siasí ‘o ngāue fakataha mo e pule‘anga ‘i hono tukumai e ngaahi ma‘u‘angakoloa fakaetangata (tautefito ki he ngaahi kulupu to‘utupú, he ko kinautolu ‘a e mēmipa longomo‘ui taha fakaesino ‘o e sosaietí) ke tō e tongó mo e ngaahi ‘akau kehé ‘i he ngaahi feitu‘u kuo ‘osi faka‘ilonga‘i ‘e he pule‘angá, ‘o fakafou ‘i he Va‘angāue ‘o e ‘Ātakai mo e Feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘Ea. Ko e fusimo‘omo fakaekakai ki hono fai ‘o e tō ‘akau kuo ‘ilo‘i ia he ta‘u lahi, ka ‘oku lava e ngaahi komiunitī fakasiasí ‘o fakatahataha, pea ‘e lava ‘e he PCC ‘o fokotu‘u ha pa‘anga tokoni ki he taumu‘a ko ‘eni mo kumia ha ngaahi founga ke fakatupulekina mo matauhi ai e pa‘anga ko ia ki he lele lōloá. ‘I he lēvolo fakakoló, ‘oku lava e ngaahi siasí ‘o faka‘ilonga‘i ha ngaahi ‘aho ke fakahoko ai ‘eni, ‘o a‘u ki hono ngāue‘aki e ngaahi ‘aho mo e taimi kuo‘osi vahea ki he ngaahi polokalama anga maheni ‘a e siasí (e.g. ako tohitapu, ngaahi lotu, etc.) ki he tō ‘o e ‘akaú.
‘Oku lava foki ‘e he ngaahi siasí ‘o ngāue‘aki ‘a e ngaahi fu‘u ma‘u‘angakoloa (hangē ko e PCC, TNCC, TNFCL, mo e ngaahi siasi fakakoló) ‘oku nau ma‘u ke fakafonu‘aki e ngaahi tonounou ‘i he ngāue lolotonga ‘a e pule‘angá ki he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá. Fakatātā‘aki eni, ‘oku lava e ngaahi siasí ‘o fokotu‘u ha pa‘anga ki hono tānaki ‘o e fakamatala ‘i he ‘ilo tu‘ufonua/tukufakaholo mo e anga ngaue ‘i he tokateu ki he ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatula (kimu‘a, lolotonga, mo e ‘osi). Ko e ngaahi fakamatala ko ‘eni ‘oku totonu ke ‘atāngofua ‘o fakafou ‘i ha tānaki‘anga fakamatala, ‘a ia kuo maau pea ‘atā ki he kakai ‘o e fonuá. Ko hono tānaki ‘o e ‘ilo tu‘ufonuá ‘e lava ke tokoni ki hono tu‘uaki ‘o e ngaahi fakaukau ki hono fakatupu ‘o e founga fakataki mo hokohoko atu ‘a e ngāue ‘i he ‘elia ke malohi ange matatali e ‘ea (liliungofua/fakasi‘isi‘i). Ko hono fakalahí, ‘e lava e ngaahi siasí ‘o fakatahataha‘i ‘eni mo fa‘u ha silapa pe polokalama akongāue ma ‘a e fānaú mo e to‘utupú pea toki fakamafola atu ke kau e ngaahi kulupu kehe ‘i Tongá. ‘E lava e ngaahi siasí ‘o hokohoko atu hono fakalahi ‘enau ngaahi ma‘u‘anga pa‘anga tokoni mo kumi ha ngaahi founga ke matauhi‘aki e ngaahi ma‘u‘anga fakapa‘angá.
Kuo taimi ki he Siasí ke nau hoko atu ā ke fakahoko e ngaahi ngāue hā mai, kae tukuā e talanoá mo e ngaahi fakatahá. ‘E ‘ikai lava ‘o matatali e faingata‘ia mei he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá ‘aki e ngaahi fakakaukau mo e ngaahi lea ‘ata‘ata pē, ka ko e ngāue foki. Ko hono tokangaekina ‘o e fakatupu ‘a e ‘Otua ‘oku tautefito ia ‘i ‘uli hotau nima pea mo e tāpupuha hokohoko—pea mo e—‘i he fonua foki. ‘I he‘etau ngaahi ngāue fakataha ‘oku tau faka‘iloatu, fakalahi, pea mo fakalelei‘i ‘a e ngaahi fakakaukaú, talanoa mo e ngaahi fakataha. ‘Oku ‘ikai lava ‘e he lea iate ia pē ‘o fakatupu e tongó/‘akaú ta’ofi e fasi‘anga peau mo e auhia e fonua, pe langa ha ngaahi fa‘ungamalu mei he ‘eá. Ko e ngaahi lea mo e ngaahi ngāue, ‘oku ‘ikai ke na ngāuelelei ‘i hono fakamavahevahe‘i kinauá. ‘Oku pau ke na fengāue fakataha, pea ko hono toki lalanga fakataha kinauá, te tau toki lava ‘o ma‘u ai ha ngaahi solova‘anga ‘oku sai ange, malohi ange pea tu’uloa ki matatali e ngaahi nunu’a ‘i he feliuliuaki ‘o e ‘eá.
Translated by Rev. Dr. Laiseni Liava’a and Dr. 'Alaimaluloa Toetu'u-Tamihere
This is the last in a series of four posts. Click here for the first post: A History of Care for God’s Creation within the Church: It’s Time to Walk the Walk! Click here for the second post: Lynn White Jr. and the Origin of Care for God’s Creation in the World Council of Churches. Click here for the third post: The Pacific Conference of Churches (PCC) and Practical Initiatives Addressing the Climate Crisis.
Footnotes
1 Peter Mucke, ed., WorldRiskReport 2020; Focus: Forced Displacement and Migration (Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft And Ruhr University Bochum – Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), 2020), 7.
2 The National Communication on climate change issues is a vital part of the obligations of countries who have officially signed/declared their commitment under the UNFCCC. These provide regular updates on their national circumstances, greenhouse gas inventory, mitigation analysis, vulnerability/adaptation assessment, constraints, gaps/needs, and other information considered relevant to the objective of the convention in addressing climate change. This update takes the form of a report.
3 Ministry for Meteorology, Energy, Information, Disaster Management, Climate Change and Communications [MEIDECC], Kingdom of Tonga Third National Communication on Climate Change, December 2019.
4 ibid., ii.
5 The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016, 30 days after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention, accounting in total for at least an estimated 55% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Depositary. Both the threshold of at least 55% Parties and 55% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have to be met before the agreement is legally binding. This is conditional to the parties’ agreement to pursue efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C. For more details, see ‘Paris Agreement – Status of Ratification | UNFCCC’, (accessed 20 August 2024).
6 MEIDECC, Kingdom of Tonga Third National Communication on Climate Change, 192.
7 ibid., 192.
8 Tonga Statistics Department, ‘Population and Housing Factsheet 2021’, 3
9 TNCC was established in 1973. See I. C. Campbell, Island Kingdom: Tonga Ancient and Modern (Canterbury University Press, 2001), 217; J. Conan, Pioneer Secretary of TNCC for 10 years, Questionnaires sent through email, 22 October 2023.
10 Philip Cass, ‘A Common Conception of Justice Underlies Pacific Churches’ Message on Climate Change’, Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa 26, no.2 (2020), 88–101.
11 Suliana A. Mone, ‘Human Rights Treaties in the Pacific: A Case Study of the Non-Ratification of CEDAW in Tonga’ (PhD Thesis, University of Waikato, 2022).
12 See Laiseni F. C. Liava‘a, ‘Climate Change and Churches in Tonga: Hampering Factors Towards Unity’ (Master of Applied Theology Thesis, Carey Baptist College, Auckland, 2018), 24.
13 Laiseni F. C. Liava‘a, ‘Reimagining a new and unifying approach to climate resilience in Tonga’ (PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury, 2024), 30.
14 Cass, 95.
15 Ibid.
16 Julanne Clarke-Morris, ‘Tongan Anglicans Build Climate Resilience’, Anglican Taonga, 19 October 2021.
17 ‘Chief Secretary and Secretary to Cabinet, ‘Acting CEO for MEIDECC launches Reports on the Development of a Climate Resilience Curriculum for Sia’atoutai Theological College’, 11 July 2023.
